Reviews and Abstracts

1. Reviews
2. Epidemiological studies
3. Human Supplementation Studies
4. Human Pharmacokinetik Studies Supported by DSM
5. Supplementation with Zeaxanthin of Quails
6. First Discoveries of the Importance of Lutein and Zeaxanthin for the Human Vision
7. Monkey Studies Supported by DSM
8. Mechanistic Studies
9. More experimental studies

4. Human Pharmacokinetics Studies Supported by
    DSM

Hartmann D, Thürmann PA, Spitzer V, et al. Plasma kinetics of zeaxanthin and 3'-dehydro-lutein after multiple oral doses of synthetic zeaxanthin. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;79(3):410-7.

Content: Pharmacokinetic Study with Zeaxanthin. It was shown that long-term oral intake of 1 and 10 mg zeaxanthin as beadlets increases plasma zeaxanthin concentrations 4- and 20-fold, respectively. Evidence that all-E-3-dehydro-lutein is formed from zeaxanthin was strong.

Original abstract / full paper

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Thürmann PA, Schalch W, Aebischer J-C, et al. Plasma kinetics of lutein, zeaxanthin, and 3'-dehydro-lutein after multiple oral doses of a lutein supplement. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005;82(1):88-97.

Content: Pharmacokinetic Study with Lutein. It was shown that long-term oral intake of 1 and 10 mg zeaxanthin as beadlets increases plasma zeaxanthin concentrations 4- and 20-fold, respectively. Evidence that all-E-3-dehydro-lutein is formed from zeaxanthin was strong.

Original abstract / full paper

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